The Student Information Above Of Primary Importance

The student information above is of primary importance because it gives me an initial idea of where the students are academically and who they are culturally. It also allows me to gain a picture of who my students are in the areas of abilities and multiple intelligences/learning styles. This information has been and will be used to help guide both the long and short range plans for this school year. The third block ELA Class a combination of Low to High level students as evident from their 2015 Spring MAP Reading scores. 11 % of students scored high in overall performance, 16% of students scored high Average in overall performance, 32% of students scored Average in overall performance, 5% of students scored Low Average in overall†¦show more content†¦The sixth block ELA Class a combination of Low to High Average level students as evident from their 2015 Spring MAP Reading scores. 5% of students scored high Average in overall performance, 21% of students scored Average in overall performance, 21% of students scored Low Average in overall performance and 53% of students scored Low in overall performance. This information will be used to help me decide how to group my students for small group sessions, group work, and remediation. It will also help me to know which students need help in order to grow academically and which students to challenge to ensure that they continue learning and excelling. The information also allows an understanding of the students’ English proficiency and their reading level; which are important in planning and implementing instructional strategies. I believe that all of the developmental goals listed are important for students’ continued growth and learning. These development goals will be implemented in such a way to ensure that students will be able to develop analytical and interpretive skills in literature; develop linguistic competency; develop listening skills, oral, and written communication skills and develop reasoning skills in the language arts. These are skills that every student should have in order to have a complete understanding of any and all literature they will come across in

Drug Addiction Bad And The Bone - 1247 Words

Drug Addiction: Bad to the Bone The world, holistically, has faced many dilemmas. One that has plagued society for centuries is drug addiction. One might feel as if they’re too wise, too dominant, too up to speed to become addicted to drugs however addiction can lure anyone. Drug addiction has been an obstacle that has been a quandary for the nation, and people must be informed about. This includes the different addictive drugs and how they affect society. According to webmd.com, the definition of drug addiction â€Å"is a chronic, often relapsing, brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use wherein the user has no effective choice but to continue.† (webmd, 2014). Dating back to the 19th century, Americans first discovered drugs†¦show more content†¦Nicotine as a medical product is utilized to avail in smoking urges. Some of the products used are nicotine gum, nicotine lozenge, nicotine patch and the nicotine inhaler. Using a modicum, avails reduc e nicotine withdrawal symptoms when a person quits smoking. Marijuana also known as Cannabis is a mixture of dried and crumbled leaves including the stem that derives from the plant itself. This mixture colors consist of brown, green and gray. According to teens.drugabuse.gov, there are various street names for marijuana that vary from city to city and neighborhood. These common names are:â€Å" Pot, Grass, Herb, Weed, Mary Jane, Reefer, Skunk, Boom, Gangster, Kief, Chronic, and Ganja.† (Marijuana. NIDA for Teens, 2014.) Marijuana is generally utilized by smoking it loosely. Every so often it is smoked through a water pipe. Others smoke blunts filled with the drug and some users brew it as tea or commix it with food. Cocaine is an addictive drug extracted from coca. Cocaine appears in two state of being, powder cocaine and crack. Powder cocaine is a white powder made from the leaf of the coca plant. Street dealers’ generally commix cocaine with other substances that include cornstarch, talcum powder, or sugar. They also mix cocaine with active drugs that can be found in local anesthesia. Crack occurs in the form of minuscule white rocks that are smokeable. It obtains its name from the cracking sound that rocks make when it is heated. â€Å"Cocaine is generally

Health Promotion Of Nz Women s Health Essay - 1206 Words

DIPLOMA IN HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT DHSM 301: Health Promotion in NZ Women’s health focus Assessment 1 (Individual Report) Submitted by: Kristabel Graizel C. Martinez CIB00003C2 Submitted to: Kaylene Tribe Introduction The Health Promotion Agency’s (HPA) â€Å"Don’t know? Don’t drink† movement aims to stop women from drinking anytime during pregnancy to reduce the potential harm that it can give to the unborn child (AlcoholNZ, 2015). New Zealand’s society has become more tolerant to regular alcohol consumption, which results to the increasing rate of women, especially young women who drinks alcohol while they’re pregnant. If a woman doesn’t know that she is pregnant, or is pregnant, or trying to get pregnant, it can result to various pregnancy issues like miscarriage, and the baby born with a range of lifelong effects and even death. A child who was exposed to alcohol during pregnancy can result psychological, behavioural and numerous physical disorders such as premature birth, growth retardation and brain damage. The term used to describe the range of effects that can occur is called, foetal alcohol spectrum disorders or FASD and it is estimated that between 600 and 3,000 New Zealand babies are born every year with this conditions. (Health Promotion Agency, 2015). What is being done? The agency’s campaign aims to provide women the awareness that it is not safe to drink any alcoholic beverage, any amount or anytime during pregnancy. They also aim to change theShow MoreRelatedThe New Zealand Breast Cancer Foundation1755 Words   |  8 PagesPink Caravan has been part of the breast cancer awareness campaign that has been launched by the NZBCF since the start of its various programmes for women’s health promotion in New Zealand. The Pink Caravan will be visiting 32 towns of New Zealand as part of its itinerary with a mission to provide breast health information to the men and women who need access to free medical breast check-up, breast cancer monitoring, inquiries, and to be able to sign a petition for an extended government support forRead MoreSample Business Pl Time Dessert Cafe Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages SAMPLE BUSINESS PLAN TIME Dessert Cafà © ChuEr Zhu â€Æ' 1. Introduction The TIME Dessert Cafà © located at 87 riverside roads at ZhuHai in China, with seating for 20 patrons. The rent isï ¿ ¥6,150 a month(around NZ$1,400 ), with a ten-year lease available. The site consists of a 20 x 20 square-foot dining room, a 15 x 15 square-foot kitchen, two bathrooms, and a storage room in back. The interior decoration for this Cafà © has some distinguishing feature, the Cafà © have a lot of graffiti wall and also a wholeRead MoreRelationship Between Physical Activity, Exercise and Health1114 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical activity, exercise and health and what whey means for society? Councils such as north shore city and Auckland promote being healthy and active on there websites. They encourage the community to get out there and become physically fit and active in the greater community. Also adverts on television such as push play ads, alcohol ads and depression ads help to inform the community about health and the effects that health has on people and there friends and family. Health has a big effect on theRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Fast Food Industry Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment demonstrated through a PEST analysis, the industry parameters, the competitive environment that is explained through Porter s five forces and group strategic mapping, followed by a conclusion and recommendations based on the industry analysis. The concept of fast food (also known as quick service restaurant) was introduced by America during the 1950’s and has widespread across the globe into a worldwide industry (Martin, Loudenback Pipia, 2016). Ever since fast food has been a popularRead MoreNew Zealand s Hpv Immunization Program Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages Executive Summary New Zealand s HPV Immunization Program has the potential, long haul, to avoid cervical growth for 2 ladies consistently, sparing more than 30 experience each year. In New Zealand, roughly 160 ladies are determined to have cervical malignancy every year and 60 ladies bite the dust from it. MÄ ori ladies are twice as prone to get cervical disease, and just about three times as prone to pass on of it, contrasted with non-MÄ ori ladies. More than 99 percent of all cervical malignancyRead MoreObesity : An National Health Concern2741 Words   |  11 Pagesbecome an national health concern to the Government, Ministry of Health and individuals as a larger number of people become affected of various ages and ethnic groups. As the third most obese nation at 26.5% of the population[1], some believe it s an epidemic health boards and the government must address in various ways such as health promotion. 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Disordering Fantasies of Coal and Technology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Disordering Fantasies of Coal and Technology. Answer: Introduction In Australia, energy policy is subject to the policy goal of three layer of government. In case of primary industries like coal and other minerals, policies are undertaken through active intervention of state and federal government. In view of interrupted supply of energy, Energy White Paper, a government of science, innovation and industry, designs Energy policy framework. In recent days, energy supply in Australia is highly disrupted. Therefore, a steady long term policy framework is needed to handle the situation. In a recently published article in The Australian, President Malcom Turnbull has announced future energy policy of the state. Present paper makes an economic analysis of the published article. The government has set a high bar on the national energy policy. The target is to provide a uninterrupted power supply at an affordable price. At the same time the target of reduced energy emission will also be kept in mind. The prime minister has given assurance to energy chiefs that the government is designing long-term policies to provide certainty to too the investors investing in new stations (theaustralian.com.au 2017). The federal government has adapted the recommendation of reviewing electricity market and taken a clean energy target mission. The federal officials are arranging meetings with retail electricity suppliers. Detail discussions has made with them to know the accrual picture of the energy market. Before taking any long-term policy, focus has been given on short run policy measures. This information is important to take decision on long term policy (theconversation.com 2017). Another long run policy target in energy sector includes attempts to fill the gaps of base load power. However, government also recognizes the importance to maintain an investment friendly environment to fulfill the long run policy targets. Economic theories and concept Supply of a good or services present producer ability of supply the good or service at different prices. In free market equilibrium supply matches with the demand and hence efficient price prevail in the market. Any change in demand supply condition leads to abnormally high or low price in the market. If there are any shortage in the supply then supply curve shifts to the left. In this time, demand exceeds available supply, pushing the prices up (Cheung and Davies 2017). The situation of supply shortage is explained in the following diagram In Australia, consumers are suffering from power shortage and this pushes the price up. A significant portion of Australias overall power supply comes from South Australia. The subsidized wind power plants in these regions enjoy considerable cost benefits (Gillingham et al. 2013). Closing down of the existing plants in other parts of Australia has created problem in supply front. The situation further aggravates with the decision of some gas plant to hold production capacity. All these created trouble to consumers who are left with paying high price and even suffering from a power shortage (Hughes and Urpelainen 2015). The situation thus indicates the inefficiency of government interventionist policies. The subsidies given to energy plants in South Australia lead to concentration of market power in the hands of energy suppliers there (Marshall 2016). Energy plants in Victoria and few powerful gas generators enjoy considerable market power. The decision to provide subsidy to plants was taken under the scheme of Renewable Energy Target. However, the recent problem of power shortage and high price questions the subsidy decision of labor government (Lenzen et al. 2016). Prime Minister Turnbull thus gives stress on an efficient energy management policy. Flawless supply of energy requires storage of energy. It is needed to store the energy in appropriate form such that it can be made available whenever needed to match electricity supply and demand. Storing energies in the form of electricity in batteries, heat or as pumped water is usually subject to high cost (Chen and Yin 2017). Recommendation Energy is used in every sphere of economic activity. Industrial progress largely depends on the flawless supply of energy. Therefore, federal government should give attention in designing efficient energy policy. This requires detailed investigation on the existing inefficiencies of the management. The management should focus on securing long-term interest of the consumers. The unutilized energy resources should be reviewed and make an afford to utilized these resources. An advisory board should be formed for efficient designing of energy policy. More use of renewable energy should be given focus to secure an uninterrupted power supply both for domestic and industrial purpose. Conclusion In the assignment, analysis has been done on energy policy of Australia. In connection to disturbance recorded in the power supply in the previous year appropriate energy policy is utmost need of Australia. In this regard, Prime minister has declared long-term policy goal of the nation. Special attention has given on the issue of supply shortage and proper storage of energy so that it can be made available at times of crisis. In the end, some recommendations have been made for betterment of energy policy in Australia. References Chen, W. and Yin, H., 2017. Optimal subsidy in promoting distributed renewable energy generation based on policy benefit.Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,19(1), pp.225-233. Cheung, G. and Davies, P.J., 2017. In the transformation of energy systems: what is holding Australia back?.Energy Policy,109, pp.96-108. Gillingham, K., Kotchen, M.J., Rapson, D.S. and Wagner, G., 2013. Energy policy: The rebound effect is overplayed.Nature,493(7433), pp.475-476. Hughes, L. and Urpelainen, J., 2015. Interests, institutions, and climate policy: Explaining the choice of policy instruments for the energy sector.Environmental Science Policy,54, pp.52-63. Lenzen, M., McBain, B., Trainer, T., Jtte, S., Rey-Lescure, O. and Huang, J., 2016. Simulating low-carbon electricity supply for Australia.Applied Energy,179, pp.553-564. Marshall, J.P., 2016. Disordering fantasies of coal and technology: Carbon capture and storage in Australia.Energy Policy,99, pp.288-298. Turnbull works on long-term energy policy. [online] Available at: https://theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/turnbull-works-on-longterm-energy-policy/news-story/28110d4d8114c95f2a1929c85f6a42d4 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2017]. Turnbull's energy policy vision: heavy on direction, light on action. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/turnbulls-energy-policy-vision-heavy-on-direction-light-on-action-72272 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2017].

Hamlet written by William Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

Hamlet written by William Shakespeare Essay The passage takes place in Act 5 Scene 1 of Hamlet written by William Shakespeare. The portion of the scene takes place inside a graveyard, in the middle of the night. The characters present are Hamlet, his friend and advisor Horatio, and a gravedigger, identified as the Clown. Hamlet and Horatio are watching a gravedigger empty a grave of its bodies, most likely to replace it with another body. Hamlet reflects on what the lives of these dead souls were like, and how disgraceful it is for the gravedigger to treat people like this. Eventually, he is completely jarred by the Clowns insensitivity and disrespect towards death, and he confronts him. The two engage in witty, morbid banter. When Hamlet is informed late in the scene that one of the skulls belonged to the beloved court jester, Yorick, he breaks down, and reflects on death and its affect on himself. His experiences with death have not been positive, for example, with the passing of his father.  The passage is structured as a dialogue, first between Horatio and Hamlet, and then between Hamlet and the Clown. Occasionally, Hamlet lapses into a monologue-like passage, in that he rants and raves while Horatio and the Clown listen. The mood and atmosphere of the passage is dark and morbid. Since the scene takes place in a graveyard, the doom and gloom of the passage is really emphasized. Skulls are being tossed around by the Clown, and when they are not being tossed around, death is being discussed at length. The song sung by the Clown sets the mood from the get go. But age, with his stealing steps, hath clawd me in his clutch. (10-11) The song is about death creeping up on humans, which is discussed further in the scene. Imagery is a key device used frequently throughout the passage. It is generally morbid, disturbing and quite graphic in nature. Descriptions of skulls, dead bodies, and weapons to name a few are seen repeatedly through the passage. I faith, if he be not rotten before he die-as we have many pocky corses now-a-days (103-04) The clown is quite crudely describing corpses that were arriving at the cemetery. The morbid imagery pictured in the mind of the reader is commonplace for the Clown, who as Horatio so succinctly said, Custom hath made it in him a property of easiness. (6) It reveals the Clowns insensitivity, as well as how accustomed he is to death. In general, just imagining a man throwing skulls out of graving, while singing, is quite disturbing. However, these morose images and descriptions are contrasted by Hamlets loving description of the deceased court jester, Yorick. A fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy: he hath borne me on his back a thousand times. (123-24) Through this line, we see a softer, more loving side of Hamlet, as well as a rare peek at what his life must have been like before the demise of his father and his own breakdown into insanity. The use of irony is also used to further develop the Hamlet and the Clowns characters. In general, the throwing of the skulls, though morbid, is foreshadowing the events to come in the next scene, with the demise of the entire royal family. The gravedigger almost seems to be more powerful, though lower in stature, than Hamlet, as he controls the rites of the body, and how long they get to stay in the graveyard. As well, the banter between Hamlet and the Clown had undertones of dark humour. From lines 60 to 75, the counter back and forth, questioning whose grave the Clown was standing in. .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb , .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .postImageUrl , .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb , .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb:hover , .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb:visited , .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb:active { border:0!important; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb:active , .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6748aa095732b9d7226799dfb0fd2afb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare's 10 things EssayThe Clown said it was his; You lie out ont sir, and therefore it is not yours: for my part, I do not lie int, and yet it is mine. (62-63) After some time, Hamlet himself gets fed up with the wittiness of the Clown; he is not used to be countered in this way, as because of his stature, he generally is never talked to in such a way. Hamlet states, We must speak by the card, or equivocation will undo us, (77-78) which is ironic because he himself equivocates quite frequently, like Polonius and other courtiers. Again, another instance of irony is when Hamlet again masks his identity. He carries on a conversation with the Clown about himself and his whereabouts. Though the Clown appears to believe he is well informed in regards to the Prince, he does not realize he is talking to him. He humorously states that Hamlet recovering his wits in England does not matter; there the men are as mad as he. (94-95) Diction is a major contributor to the revealing of character and plot. At the beginning of the passage when the Clown is singing about death, it reveals his insensitivity and disrespect to not only his surroundings, but also to the individuals there. His crassness shows how accustomed he is to such morbidity. The Clown is lower class, which can be determined by his language. He speaks in prose throughout the passage, using contractions and vulgar diction throughout. He uses words such as int, tis, and twill, further emphasizing the class difference between Hamlet and the Clown. The Clown uses language in a very crafty manner, tying in with the irony of the passage, as well as the dark, moody tone. This is seen in his quick exchange with Hamlet. Here, Hamlet asks questions (albeit about himself), and the Clown responds with a quick, succinct response. It is important to note that Hamlet also speaks in prose when conversing with the Clown. When observing the Clowns manner of speaking, it is very direct and dry. Horatios lack of speaking roles emphasizes his role as a listener and observer. Horatio speaks very few lines, and the times he speaks are to Hamlet only, where he responds to what Hamlet says. Antithesis is apparent throughout the piece, and is reflected through diction and imagery. There is contrast in diction and the way of communication between Hamlet and the Clown. The Clown speaks in a very succinct manner, and proves all of his points. He uses more slang terms as well as vulgar diction. Hamlet on the other hand, rants and raves, and talks around the issues he discusses. However, he speaks in a more polite, socially acceptable manner. It reflects their characters, in that Hamlets social class and higher standards are revealed. The Clowns vulgarity reflects his lower stature in society, as well as more freedom of words. In regards to imagery, there is a major contrast between the morbid imagery present at the beginning of the passage, in comparison to the imagery seen at the end, when Hamlet is describing the court jester. From talk of pocky corses (104) to a fellow of infinite jest (123), the progression to a more pure and loving side of Hamlet is revealed. There are many staging opportunities available with this scene, because of the flexibility and vagueness of the stage directions. The throwing of the skulls, as well as the positioning of the actors can be put in to question. The depth of the grave the Clown is standing in would make a big impact. As well, if Horatio and Hamlet are standing directly over the grave, and therefore directly over the Clown, it displays their higher status, as if they are talking down to him. Hamlet, progressively bending closer and closer to the ground could symbolize him equalling himself to the Clown, as well as progressively getting closer to death, and his own grave. When Hamlet is holding the skull of the jester, the actor perhaps, could be holding it gently, to symbolize his love for the deceased Yorick. .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb , .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .postImageUrl , .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb , .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb:hover , .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb:visited , .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb:active { border:0!important; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb:active , .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u64cac094898ba9947aeb2f4df15427cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What do you find interesting about the way Shakespeare presents the opening scene in King Lear to the audience? EssayIn conclusion, this passage from Act 5 Scene 1 is the last scene of comedy in the play. Hamlets character is revealed more, as we see his moral code in regards to respecting the dead. As well, the reader sees his softer side, and a glimpse of his old life through his descriptions of Yorick, the jester. Through mood, atmosphere, imagery, diction, antithesis and staging opportunities, the characters of Hamlet and the Clown are revealed.

Life Expectancy Essays - Environmental Economics, Kaya Identity

Life Expectancy The environmentalist view of the energy intensity is based on the legacy of the I = P?A?T equation in which environmental Impact equals Population, multiplied by Affluence, and further multiplied by Technology (Earth Report 2000: Revisiting the True State of the Planet. 1999). The further desegregation of this formula implies that energy intensity can be looked upon as an integrative variable describing the impact of both technology and affluence. Bruce et al. (1996) argue that intensity is inversely related to efficiency. Improving efficiency reduces the amount of energy required to provide a given output, i.e. an output of the same quality and quantity. In real life, though, the precise nature of the output is unknown, hence intensity is a proxy for efficiency. The Kaya Identity is an expression that is introduced by Bruce et al. (1996) to describe the relationship among the factors that influence trends in energy-related carbon emissions: C = (C / E) ? (E / GDP) ? (GDP / POP) ? POP. The formula links total energy-related carbon emissions (C) to energy (E), the level of economic activity as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and population size (POP). The first two components on the right-hand side represent the carbon intensity of energy supply (C/E) and the energy intensity of economic activity (E/GDP). Economic growth is viewed from the perspective of changes in output per capita (GDP/POP). At any point in time, th e level of energy-related carbon emissions can be seen as the product of the four Kaya Identity components - energy intensity, carbon intensity, output per capita, and population size. In fact, growth in energy intensity in industrialized countries has historically lagged behind economic growth, whereas the two are more closely correlated in developing countries. As a country's energy intensity changes, so does the influence of a given level of economic activity on carbon emissions. Increased energy use and economic growth generally occur together, although the degree to which they are linked varies across regions and stages of economic development (Mies 2000). In CCEE, the energy situation is characterized - when compared with CWE - by very high energy and electricity intensities. According to ?rge-Vorsatz and Szeszler (1999), this situation can be attributed to three main elements: a) The largest part of the GDP is due to industrial production, with an emphasis on heavy industries (iron and steel, chemicals, machinery) which are big energy consumers. b) The very low level of energy efficiency of end-use devices, equipment and appliances is aggravated by the lack of maintenance and the obsolescence of the equipment. c) The economic crisis which the CCEE countries have been enduring since 1989-1990: a deep slow down in industrial production, a lack of investment in the energy sector, the non-payment of energy by the consumers, in particular in the energy sector itself. Alongside with the energy efficiency gap between CCEE and CWE, the life expectancy gap exists. Hertzman et al. (1996) show diverging trends in life expectancy becaming evident in the mid-1970s, and the gap continued to widen in the 1980s for all major causes of death, particularly cardiovascular diseases. The situation is worse in the Newly Independent States than in the CCEE, and worst in the Central Asian countries (Nanda et al. 1993). There is no single reason for the health gap - Walberg (1998) points out - but contributory factors include the increasing prevalence of major risk factors in the quality of environment. Social Issues

Baby making in humans essays

Baby making in humans essays There are some major differences between males in females in the way their sex cells are produced. In males this process occurs in seminiferous tubules. The females occurs in the ovaries, but are not fertilized there. The first difference is in cell division. The males cells divide in to two equally sized identical cells that are attached. The females cells are not the same size and unattached, one cell is larger than the other. The smaller cell is referred to as the polar body. There is no difference in crossing over between the two sexes, they both occur in Prophase I of meiosis. There is also no difference in the independent assortment of the cells, this occurs in metaphase of meiosis I in both sexes. In meiosis II the cells in both sexes divide a second time. The males cells divide again to form two equally sized cells adding up to a total of four cells. This process occurs in the female as well. The females larger cell will divide to form a polar body and a larger cell. This new large cell is the egg cell. The original polar body will either divide in to two more polar bodies or cease to exist. The female cell will create just one egg, while the male creates four sperm. Males will begin making sperm at puberty. They make trillions of sperm. Females begin making eggs much earlier. They begin making eggs before they are born! They have about 2 million eggs only a few months after they are born! However, this number is reduced to about 400,000 when they reach puberty. Another fascinating fact is that female eggs rest in prophase I much longer than the male sperm. Female eggs rest from birth until puberty. The one egg will complete meiosis I each month, but they dont go through metaphase II unless they are fertilized by a sperm. In males this whole cycle takes about 74 days. There are roughly 8 million genetic combinations in each egg and sperm after independent assortme...